14 July 2007

FUNFAIR COMPANY LIMITED v. WONG LUI WING trading as t/a KWONG WING METAL CO CACV441/2006

S’s words:-
Many tenants always ask why they cannot terminate the tenancy as they wish. Tenancy Agreement in fact cannot be terminated unilaterally. If for example the tenant is in breach by way of terminating the tenancy without consent of the landlord, unless the landlord acts wholly unreasonable, it is still free for the landlord to accept the repudiation or not to accept the repudiation but to claim for rental.
However, the definition of “wholly unreasonable” of the act of a landlord has not been decided in the Court of Appeal.

--- quote from the judgment ---

判案書日期: 2007年7月10日

在判案書之第11段,周法官表述以下觀點:

「…租約是可以單方面終止的,至於其理由是充份與否是另一問題。被告人單方面的行為,致使租約在2004年12月已被終止,因此被告人只欠2004年12月的租金$165,000。」

這觀點是錯誤的。除非合約明文許可,否則任何合約均不能作單方面終止。

租約是合約的一種,雖然正如Lord Simon of Glaisdale在National Carriers Ltd v Panalpina (Northern) Ltd [1981] AC 675 at 703所說:悔約原則(doctrine of repudiation)亦適用於租約。但未經接納的違約行為是沒有效的。見1 Chitty on Contracts, (28th Ed), paras. 25-012.

但違反不同性質的合約會引致不同後果。一般來說,違約一方只需賠償另一方的損失;但若有關土地權益的合約,例如買賣協議或租約,雙方都可要求執行強制履行令(Specific Performance)。業主亦有權向租客追討租金。見White and Carter (Councils) Ltd v McGregor [1962] AC 413.

最近英國上訴法庭在Reichman and Anor v Beveridge and Anor [2006] EWCA Civ 1659一案,經仔細考慮下認為除非業主是在完全無理(wholly unreasonable)的情況下強制執行租約,否則業主有權堅持租戶繳交租金。本庭認同此觀點。

No comments: